| Pulukuri Kottaya v. Emperor (1947) | S.27 Evidence Act | Only the fact discovered (not the whole statement) is admissible under S.27. Discovery must be from accused in police custody. |
| Laxman v. State of Maharashtra (2002) | Dying Declaration S.32(1) | Dying declaration can be sole basis of conviction if it is truthful, voluntary, and consistent. Medical certification preferred but not mandatory. |
| Gurbaksh Singh Sibbia v. State of Punjab (1980) | S.438 CrPC (Anticipatory Bail) | Court must apply judicial mind. Blanket order not desirable. Conditions must be reasonable. Granted even in serious offences on merits. |
| State of Rajasthan v. Balchand (1977) | S.437–439 CrPC | Bail is the rule, jail is the exception. Personal liberty must be respected. Prolonged incarceration without trial is unconstitutional. |
| Arjun Panditrao Khotkar v. Kailash Kushanrao (2020) | S.65B Evidence Act | Certificate under S.65B(4) is mandatory for electronic evidence. Can be sought even post-trial. Shafhi Mohammad overruled. |
| Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab (1980) | S.302 IPC — Death Penalty | Death penalty constitutional. 'Rarest of rare' doctrine — death sentence only when alternative of life imprisonment is unquestionably foreclosed. |
| State of Maharashtra v. M.H. George (1965) | S.34 IPC — Common Intention | Common intention requires prior meeting of minds. Even if it forms at the spur of the moment — all sharing it are equally liable. |
| Alakh Alok Srivastava v. UOI (2018) | POCSO Act | SC took suo motu cognizance of POCSO cases pendency. Special courts must be established. Child-friendly procedures must be followed strictly. |
| State of Punjab v. Baldev Singh (1999) | NDPS Act — S.50 | Personal search under S.50 NDPS must be in presence of Gazetted Officer/Magistrate. Non-compliance vitiates trial. |
| Navtej Singh Johar v. UOI (2018) | S.377 IPC (struck down) | Consensual same-sex relations between adults decriminalized. S.377 to extent of criminalizing consensual acts between adults struck down as unconstitutional. |